What distinguishes aerobic exercise from anaerobic exercise?

Aerobic exercise is primarily characterized by its reliance on oxygen to fuel the body during activities. This type of exercise typically involves prolonged activities that increase heart rate and breathing, such as running, cycling, or swimming, and it is designed to improve cardiovascular endurance. The oxygen used during aerobic exercise is essential for the energy production processes that support sustained physical activity over a longer duration.

In contrast, anaerobic exercise involves short bursts of high-intensity activity, where the body relies on energy sources stored in the muscles rather than oxygen. This is common in activities like sprinting or heavy weight lifting, which do not require a continuous supply of oxygen.

Recognizing that aerobic exercise enhances the body's ability to utilize oxygen effectively also illustrates its beneficial effects on overall health, including improved heart and lung function. The other options do not accurately describe aerobic exercise in the same context, such as its relationship to endurance rather than short bursts of activity or muscle building.